数控插补中基于运动曲线的局部优化和基于前瞻控制的整体优化

张立先;孙瑞勇;李洪波;高小山

系统科学与数学 ›› 2010, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (11) : 1548-1561.

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系统科学与数学 ›› 2010, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (11) : 1548-1561. DOI: 10.12341/jssms09426
论文

数控插补中基于运动曲线的局部优化和基于前瞻控制的整体优化

    张立先, 孙瑞勇, 李洪波, 高小山
作者信息 +

Local Optimization Based on Kinematic Curve and Global Optimization Based on Look-Ahead Shceme in CNC Interpolation

    ZHANG Lixian, SUN Ruiyong, LI Hongbo, GAO Xiaoshan
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文章历史 +

摘要

数控加工在机械制造领域具有举足轻重的作用,如何在满足加工精度的前提下提高加工速度是数控加工的一个关键问题.据数学机械化方法,将插补问题分解为局部优化和整体优化两部分,其中局部优化是在线段连接处通过采用二次曲线(抛物线)和三次曲线族过渡的方法,提高线段连接处的通过速度,使得局部通过速度最优;同时根据加工误差确定线段连接处的插补时间,并以插补时间为参数对线段连接处的插补参数统一进行调整,提高了数控软件的智能性.在局部优化的基础上进一步进行整体优化,即采用基于直线加减速和S型加减速控制方式的前瞻处理算法,对加工路径进行有效预测,避免了因突然加减速造成机床振动,从一定程度上保证整体加工速度的提高,采用符号与数值混合算法,算法简单,保证了计算精度和速度,满足实时加工的要求.算法在蓝天数控系统上进行了实际加工验证,结果表明该算法达到了预期效果,验证了算法的有效性.与当前已有算法相比,根据机床加工参数不同,加工速度提高了50%--170%.

Abstract

Computer Numerical Control plays an important role in mechanical manufacture. One of the key problems is the improvement of the machining velocity within the confined accuracy. In this paper, the interpolation problem is devided into two part: local optimization and global optimization. The local optimization improves the junction velocities of small line blocks by quadratic or cubic curves transition.
The total transition time is determined by the maximal machining error. The interpolation parameters of every junctions can be uniformly adjusted by
transition time which improves the intelligent of the CNC software. Then the global optimization is carried out according to the local optimization results by look-ahead scheme under linear acceleration/deceleration or S-shape acceleration/deceleration style. Look-ahead scheme can effectivly forecast the subsequent machining path, avoiding the abrupt acceleration or deceleration, and
promising the improvement of global velocity. This algorithm adopt the compound of symbolic and numeric computation, which is simple and satisfise the real time machining need. The method is also verified at Blue-Sky CNC machine. Compared with previous algorithms, the machinine velocity is improved by 50\%--170\% under different machining parameters. The validity of this algorithm is proved
by practice machining.

关键词

插补 / 前瞻 / 二次曲线过渡 / 三次曲线过渡 / 直线加减速 / S型加减速.

Key words

Interpolation / look-ahead shceme / quadratic curve transition / cubic curve transition / linear acceleration/deceleration / S-shape acceleration/deceleration.

引用本文

导出引用
张立先 , 孙瑞勇 , 李洪波 , 高小山. 数控插补中基于运动曲线的局部优化和基于前瞻控制的整体优化. 系统科学与数学, 2010, 30(11): 1548-1561. https://doi.org/10.12341/jssms09426
ZHANG Lixian , SUN Ruiyong , LI Hongbo , GAO Xiaoshan. Local Optimization Based on Kinematic Curve and Global Optimization Based on Look-Ahead Shceme in CNC Interpolation. Journal of Systems Science and Mathematical Sciences, 2010, 30(11): 1548-1561 https://doi.org/10.12341/jssms09426
中图分类号: 00A06   
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