随着电子交易市场的发展,企业在传统的远期合约采购基础上,开始从现货市场采购产品. 在假定制造商通过远期合约和现货市场采购产品的情况下,研究了影响市场需求和现货市场价格的公共因子与特殊因子对制造商决策的影响. 首先建立了最优采购策略的数学模型,其次对所建立的数学模型进行了求解,最后结合数值例子进行了灵敏度分析.研究表明:在相关系数不为零的情形下,市场需求的波动率对最优采购量及最优期望收益的影响仅与公共因子有关,与需求特殊因子无关.在相关系数为零的情形下,价格波动率对最优采购量及最优期望收益的影响仅与价格特殊因子有关,与公共因子无关.现货市场价格均值、市场需求均值等变量对制造商所产生的影响是公共因子和特殊因子共同作用的结果,并且公共因子和特殊因子对他们的影响程度不同.

Along with the development of B2B electronic market, companies   start to use spot markets combining their traditional long-term procurement contracts (forward contracts) to procure commodity. In this paper, the mathematical model of optimal procurement strategies in  electronic market is established.
We consider two types of   factors: the public factor and specific factors.The former affects both the demand and the spot price, while the latter only affect the demand or the spot price.The optimal strategies are obtained and the sensitivity analysis is given with respect to all major parameters. The result shows that when  the  correlation coefficient is not zero, the effect of the demand's volatility to the optimal contract quantity and optimal expected profits is only related with the public factor, and is independent of the demand specific factor. While the correlation coefficient is zero, the effect of the price's volatility to the optimal contract quantity and optimal expected profits is only related with the price specific factor, and is independent of the public factor.