随着城市规模的扩大和空气污染问题的日益严峻, 公共交通将成为居民出 行的首选方式. 文章对2006--2015 年北京市公共交通系统的碳排放进行测算, 利用超效率~SBM 模型分析碳排放效率, 并借助~ML 指数分析全要素生产率跨期动态变化. 研究结果表明, 公交车的碳排放效率最高, 但有明显下降趋势, 提高运营效率是其未来发展的方向; 地铁虽有前期巨额资金投入压力, 其碳排放效率仍波动上升, 进一步扩大地铁运行规模有助于提升系统的碳排放效率; 出租车的碳排放效率非常低, 应推进更新换代进程, 加大技术投入. 文章可为北京相关部门制定交通发展规划、实施节能减排政策提供数据支持和有益建议.

With the expansion of urban scale and worsening air pollution, public transport becomes a priority for residents to travel. In this paper, the carbon emissions of public transport system in Beijing from 2006 to 2015 are measured. Super-efficiency SBM model is utilized to analyze the efficiency of carbon emission, while ML index is used for analyzing the dynamic change of total factor productivity. The results show that the carbon transport efficiency of bus is the highest, but there is explicit downward trend. Therefore, improving the operational efficiency is one direction of bus development. In terms of subway, despite the pressure from considerable initial investment, carbon emissions efficiency is still rising. Further expansion of subway scale may help to improve the efficiency of carbon emissions. Due to low carbon emissions efficiency of taxi, promoting the upgrading as well as increasing investment in technology should be taken into consideration. This article can probably provide data support and useful suggestions for authorities in both transport and energy conservation field.